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- DATE: JAN. 24, 1991 22:45 REPORT:
- TO: WOR
- FOR: BEYER
- CC:
- BUREAU: WASHINGTON
- BY: MICHAEL DUFFY
- IN:
- SLUG: TOUGH OPTIONS
-
- It may seem that the strategic and tactical approach of
- the U.S. has a firm moral footing--and so too will any
- future decisions made in allied command posts. One might
- argue, perhaps convincingly so, that the decision made
- heretofore to bomb Republican Guards rather than
- tenderfoot regulars; the decision to target chemical and
- nuclear facilities, rather than residential
- neighborhoods, and the decision to maintain the air
- campaign, rather than rush into a land battle, were all
- moral approaches to an amoral business.
-
- But these decisions on how to fight and win were made
- entirely for military and political reasons. If they are
- moral as well, that is merely serendipitous.
-
- Similarly, when th time comes to render decisions that
- have yet to be made, it is the political and military
- which will rule, not the moral. For though it might seem
- that war propels mankind out of a wholly moral world into
- a wholly amoral one, it does not. There is no fault line
- between these two worlds; it's just one big grey area, an
- extention of the same old rotten world. Remember
- Clausewitz: "War is a mere continuation of policy by
- other means. We see therefore that war is not merely a
- political act, but also a real political instrument, a
- continuation of political commerce, a carrying out of the
- same by other means."
-
- Therefore, as the U.S. eventually confronts tactical and
- strategic decisions such as targetting Saddam, using
- nuclear weapons or responding to a chemical attack with a
- chemical counterstrike, the ground rules won't change.
- Though the theatre of war sometimes looks to be hosting a
- morality play, it's really just a melodrama.
-
- Take chemical weapons. Everything U.S. ,military
- officials have said over the last week implies that they
- are retaining the right to match chemical attacks with
- chemical counterstrikes--an obvious attempt to forestall
- the former. Should such an attack come, it is unlikely
- that Bush, Cheney, Powell and Schwartzkopf will respond
- in kind, but not for moral reasons. Chemicals, after all,
- make ineffective weapons. There are far more efficient
- ways to kill people. (Napalm, for instance, would work
- far better in the blustery desert than gas--not only
- would it not disperse, but pilots can immediately see
- whether it worked or not.) And with far fewer political
- ramifactions. So while we may yet hear our leaders choose
- not to use chemicals in this continuing war, and even
- imply that the reasons were moral, they are very likely
- not.
-
- The same is true for tactical nuclear weapons. It sounds
- like a dandy concept. But the U.S. still feels bad for
- having opened that Pandora's box 45 years ago and is at
- pains to repeat the mistake. Besides, theatre nuclear
- weapons tend to destroy countries as well as troops,
- something our Kuwaiti allies aren't keen about (ditto for
- indiscriminate carpet bombing). And the downwind effects
- of a themornuclear blast--far larger than any exploded in
- Japan--would not be appreciated by the quarter of a
- million Marines and Army grunts hovering in their
- foxholes 25
- miles away (or less) on the border. To say nothing of
- the reaction by out Arab, Soviet or Japanese allies. So,
- again, while there are perhaps moral reasons aplenty for
- disdaining the nuclear option, less lofty reasons are
- actually at work here. Besides, the dirty little secret
- of America's military might is that the U.S. now
- possesses conventional weapons as deadly as their nuclear
- counterparts--and far more accurate.
-
- Targetting Saddam? Again, it's a practical matter, not a
- moral one. The U.S. can't find him; or afford to devote
- the resources necessary to find him, and still presecute
- the rest of its strategy. It isn't the moral sanction of
- assasination; at this point, most Americans would happily
- overlook that. Other factors are controlling here.
-
- The point is that this isn't a morality play. It's a
- war. It is horrible, it is ghastly, everyone hates it. It
- is probably the worst thing one human can visit on
- another. And, God knows, it may even be immoral. But the
- limits of strategy and tactics, as outlined by the allied
- generals so far, are not defined by moral constructs;
- they are governed by far less philosophical ones.
-
- More tk Friday perhaps from a "military ethicist."
-
- Whatever that is.
-
-